How the Mc Kinnon Case Unfolded

Introduction

Gary McKinnon’s case began with a series of unauthorised connections from London to poorly protected United States government computers and ended more than a decade later without a trial in either country. The formal US allegation covered access between 1 February 2001 and 19 March 2002 to 97 military and NASA computers. Investigators said McKinnon used administrative accounts, installed remote-control software, copied password files and moved from one compromised network to another. McKinnon admitted gaining unauthorised access but disputed the prosecution’s account of deliberate destruction, saying his main aim was to search for concealed UFO and advanced-technology material.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002

What followed was not a conventional hacking prosecution. US indictments in 2002 led to an extradition request in 2004, arrest under extradition law in 2005, repeated appeals, a major British debate over mental health and US–UK legal arrangements, and the Home Secretary’s decision in October 2012 to stop his removal. British prosecutors then declined to bring a domestic case, leaving the factual disputes over damage and intent unresolved by a criminal trial.[parliament.uk]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

Access between 2001 and 2002

The most reliable overall time window comes from the US extradition request later summarised by the House of Lords: McKinnon was alleged to have entered 97 US government computers between 1 February 2001 and 19 March 2002. A Virginia indictment described a slightly narrower period, from March 2001 to March 2002, involving 92 military and NASA machines and six private-company computers. These figures are not necessarily contradictory: the 97-machine total used in the extradition proceedings referred to government systems, while particular indictments grouped the alleged conduct according to jurisdiction and charges.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002

According to the judicial account, McKinnon searched for Microsoft Windows systems that exposed network connections and administrative accounts. Once he obtained access, he installed the commercial remote-administration program RemotelyAnywhere, together with tools that enabled further scanning and helped conceal activity. The compromised computers could then be used as stepping stones into additional systems. US evidence presented in the extradition case said this process allowed him to scan more than 73,000 government computers for similar weaknesses.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

This method belonged to a particular moment in internet history. It did not depend on defeating a single heavily fortified central system. Instead, it exploited repeated weaknesses across numerous ordinary networked computers, including weak account protection, unnecessary exposed services and the ability to install legitimate remote-control software without prompt detection. The scale therefore came from repetition: identify a vulnerable machine, obtain administrative access, establish persistent remote control and use that position to look for further targets.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002

McKinnon later connected his activity to a search for evidence of UFO secrecy, unconventional spacecraft and suppressed energy technology. That motivation explains why NASA and military systems were attractive to him, but it does not establish what each individual intrusion was intended to find. The indictments and extradition judgments chiefly document system access, installed software, copied credentials, deleted material and alleged disruption; they do not provide a day-by-day record of which UFO-related files he searched on every machine.

April to September 2001: Naval Weapons Station Earle

The New Jersey indictment supplies the most detailed sequence for any single network. It alleged that on 7 April 2001, McKinnon entered the network at Naval Weapons Station Earle, a facility responsible for supporting the US Navy’s Atlantic Fleet. The initial point of access was said to be the Port Services computer, which was used to monitor information about ships around the station’s pier complex, including their location, condition, staffing, readiness and resupply status. Prosecutors alleged that he installed RemotelyAnywhere on that computer and others connected to the same network.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeBritish National Charged with Hacking Into N.J. Naval Weapons Station Computers, Disabling Network After Sept. 11 (N…

Between 18 and 21 June 2001, the indictment said he repeatedly returned through the installed remote-access software and obtained approximately 950 passwords stored on network servers. This stage is important because it shows how the alleged campaign could persist over time: the April access was not described as a one-off visit but as the establishment of a route that could be reused months later.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeBritish National Charged with Hacking Into N.J. Naval Weapons Station Computers, Disabling Network After Sept. 11 (N…

Prosecutors alleged another entry on 23 September 2001, less than two weeks after the terrorist attacks of 11 September. During that intrusion, McKinnon was accused of deleting startup files and logs, compromising the network’s security and causing about $290,431 in damage. US officials said all 300 computers on the station network were effectively shut down for a week, with limited internal email for a further three weeks and full automated message routing and internet access restored only after roughly a month.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeBritish National Charged with Hacking Into N.J. Naval Weapons Station Computers, Disabling Network After Sept. 11 (N…

Those allegations became among the most serious elements of the case because of their timing and the station’s military function. McKinnon denied that he had intentionally caused the level of damage claimed by US authorities. As no criminal trial occurred, neither the prosecution’s full technical evidence nor the defence’s challenge to its damage calculations was tested before a jury.

The wider military and NASA campaign

Beyond Earle, the Virginia case alleged access to computers belonging to the US Army, Navy, Air Force, Department of Defense and NASA, including two machines at the Pentagon. Prosecutors said McKinnon copied password and other files, deleted accounts and system material, and installed both remote-administration and hacking tools. They also alleged that he used compromised computers to identify and enter additional targets, turning separate weak machines into a linked campaign.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002

The House of Lords judgment recorded allegations that critical operating-system files were deleted from nine computers, contributing to the shutdown of the US Army’s Military District of Washington network. That network served more than 2,000 users. The 2008 judgment described the outage as lasting 24 hours, while the original 2002 Justice Department announcement referred to loss of internet and email services for approximately 2,000 users for three days. The difference probably reflects distinct measures of disruption or later refinement of the evidence, but the surviving public records do not fully reconcile the two descriptions.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002

The same judgment also recorded the deletion of 2,455 user accounts from an Army computer that controlled network access, allegedly causing machines to reboot and become unusable. These claims formed part of the US portrayal of the activity as damaging interference with government operations rather than harmless browsing.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

McKinnon’s own version separated unauthorised entry from malicious destruction. He acknowledged entering systems and searching them but rejected the image of himself as a saboteur. That distinction became central to public discussion, yet the legal record never resolved it. Extradition courts were deciding whether he could be sent to face prosecution, not determining whether every allegation in the indictments had been proved beyond reasonable doubt.

March 2002: identification and the end of the access period

The extradition request fixed 19 March 2002 as the final date of the alleged intrusion period. On that day, British authorities acted on a US request for legal assistance, seized McKinnon’s home computer and interviewed him under caution. He was questioned again on 8 August 2002.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

Reporting at the time indicated that investigators traced the activity through internet-address and registration information associated with McKinnon’s acquisition of RemotelyAnywhere. The use of commercially available software had helped him maintain access without relying solely on conspicuous bespoke malware, but records connected to that software also contributed to attribution.[WIRED]wired.comDot-Mil Hacker's Download Mistakemilitary computers. He managed to avoid detection for almost a year by employing the legitimate remote-access software RemotelyAnywhere…

From this point onward, the timeline ceased to be primarily one of network intrusion and became a struggle over where, and under what conditions, McKinnon should be prosecuted.

Charges and extradition proceedings

Federal grand juries brought separate cases in New Jersey and Virginia. The New Jersey indictment was returned on 31 October 2002 and concerned Naval Weapons Station Earle. On 12 November 2002, a Virginia grand jury charged McKinnon with seven counts of computer fraud and related activity. The Virginia Justice Department announcement estimated damage at approximately $900,000 and stated that the United States intended to request extradition.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002

Between November 2002 and April 2003, McKinnon’s lawyers and US prosecutors discussed a possible voluntary surrender and guilty plea. The House of Lords later examined these negotiations because McKinnon argued that the disparity between the proposed outcomes placed improper pressure on him not to contest extradition. According to the judgment, prosecutors indicated that cooperation might produce a sentence of about three to four years, with a relatively short initial period in the United States and possible transfer to Britain. If he resisted extradition, went to trial and was convicted, they suggested that the sentence might be eight to ten years or longer, with no prosecutorial support for repatriation.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

McKinnon rejected the proposed agreement. US arrest warrants followed in August and September 2004, and the formal extradition request was submitted to the British government on 7 October 2004.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

He was arrested under the Extradition Act on 7 June 2005 and appeared at Bow Street Magistrates’ Court the next day. The extradition hearing began on 27 July 2005 and continued on several dates during February and April 2006. On 10 May 2006, District Judge Nicholas Evans sent the case to the Home Secretary for a decision. Home Secretary John Reid ordered extradition on 4 July 2006.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

McKinnon appealed both the judicial and ministerial decisions. On 3 April 2007, the Divisional Court dismissed his appeals, although it certified legal questions of wider public importance. The House of Lords granted permission to appeal on one question in October 2007: whether US plea negotiations, particularly the suggested consequences of resisting extradition, amounted to an abuse of process or an unjustified interference with his rights.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

On 30 July 2008, the House of Lords unanimously dismissed the appeal. The Law Lords concluded that the discussions did not justify stopping the extradition proceedings. Their decision did not determine McKinnon’s guilt or validate every damage allegation; it held that the conduct complained of did not make the extradition process unlawful.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…

McKinnon then applied to the European Court of Human Rights. The court briefly prevented removal while considering his request but declined to maintain the interim restriction in August 2008.[The Guardian]theguardian.comThe GuardianHacker Gary McKinnon loses appeal against extradition to…August 28, 2008 — 28 Aug 2008 — Last month, he lost his battle ag…Published: August 28, 2008

By this stage, however, the case had acquired a new medical dimension. McKinnon was diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome shortly after the House of Lords decision, and his representatives submitted psychiatric evidence concerning depression and suicide risk. These arguments shifted the centre of the case away from plea bargaining and towards whether extradition would expose him to treatment or consequences incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights.[vLex]vlex.co.ukr mckinnon v secretary 793475865r mckinnon v secretary 793475865

On 23 January 2009, the High Court permitted a further judicial-review challenge. On 31 July 2009, it rejected his attempt to overturn the decision to proceed. The court acknowledged serious medical evidence and the risk that extradition, trial and imprisonment would damage his mental health, but held that the legal threshold for preventing removal had not then been met.[The Guardian]theguardian.comThe Guardian Gary Mc Kinnon should be extradited, court rulesThe Guardian Gary Mc Kinnon should be extradited, court rules

The dispute nevertheless continued through further medical submissions, political campaigning and government review. In November 2010, the Home Office summarised a procedural history in which successive courts had permitted extradition but outstanding representations required consideration of whether removal would violate McKinnon’s human rights.[GOV.UK]GOV.UKlatest on gary mckinnon caselatest on gary mckinnon case

How the case ended in Britain

The decisive change came on 16 October 2012. Home Secretary Theresa May told the House of Commons that the ordinary statutory extradition process had ended and that the remaining issue was whether removal would breach McKinnon’s human rights. After reviewing submissions from clinicians, obtaining independent medical advice and taking legal advice, she concluded that extradition created such a high risk of suicide that it would be incompatible with his rights. She therefore withdrew the extradition order.[GOV.UK]GOV.UKTheresa May statement on Gary Mc Kinnon extraditionTheresa May statement on Gary McKinnon extradition - GOV.UK…

May’s decision did not declare McKinnon innocent and did not reject the seriousness of the alleged offences. It was an exceptional decision based on his health and the predicted consequences of removal. At the same time, she announced plans for a “forum bar”, giving British courts a clearer role in deciding whether a case capable of prosecution in more than one country should be tried in the United Kingdom rather than abroad. The McKinnon controversy had therefore become part of a wider reconsideration of extradition procedure.[GOV.UK]GOV.UKTheresa May statement on Gary Mc Kinnon extraditionTheresa May statement on Gary McKinnon extradition - GOV.UK…

The remaining question was whether British authorities would prosecute him domestically. On 14 December 2012, the Crown Prosecution Service and Metropolitan Police announced that no further criminal action would be taken in Britain. They cited the practical difficulty of transferring evidence and witnesses from the United States, the age and complexity of the material, and the assessment that a conviction in a British court was unlikely.[The Guardian]theguardian.comgary mckinnon no uk chargesThe GuardianGary McKinnon will face no charges in UK14 Dec 2012 — No further legal action will be taken in Britain against the computer h…

That decision brought the case to an unusual conclusion. McKinnon had admitted unauthorised access, and US prosecutors had obtained indictments describing serious disruption, yet no court conducted a complete criminal trial. As a result, the chronology is much firmer than the final factual assessment. The dates of access, investigation, indictment and extradition litigation are well documented; the exact extent of intentional damage, the calculation of losses and the interpretation of individual system actions remain allegations contested by McKinnon rather than findings reached after trial.

The case in one chronology

• 1 February 2001: Beginning of the intrusion period alleged in the US extradition request.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 7 April 2001: Alleged first access to Naval Weapons Station Earle and installation of RemotelyAnywhere.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeBritish National Charged with Hacking Into N.J. Naval Weapons Station Computers, Disabling Network After Sept. 11 (N…
• 18–21 June 2001: Alleged repeated access to Earle and theft of approximately 950 passwords.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeBritish National Charged with Hacking Into N.J. Naval Weapons Station Computers, Disabling Network After Sept. 11 (N…
• 23 September 2001: Alleged return to Earle, deletion of files and network disruption.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeBritish National Charged with Hacking Into N.J. Naval Weapons Station Computers, Disabling Network After Sept. 11 (N…
• 2001–March 2002: Wider alleged access to Army, Navy, Air Force, Department of Defense, Pentagon and NASA systems.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002
• 19 March 2002: End of the alleged access period; McKinnon’s computer was seized and he was interviewed in Britain.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 8 August 2002: Second interview under caution.[The Guardian]theguardian.comgary mckinnon extradition timelineAt the request of the US government, he is interviewed by the National High Tech Crime…Read more…
• 31 October and 12 November 2002: New Jersey and Virginia indictments returned.[Department of Justice]justice.govDepartment of JusticeLondon, England Hacker Indicted Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act For Accessing Military Computers (November 12, 2002)…Published: November 12, 2002
• November 2002–April 2003: Plea and voluntary-surrender discussions; McKinnon ultimately declined the proposed agreement.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 7 October 2004: Formal US extradition request submitted.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 7 June 2005: Arrest under British extradition law.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 10 May and 4 July 2006: District judge approved referral; Home Secretary ordered extradition.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 3 April 2007: Divisional Court dismissed appeals.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• 30 July 2008: House of Lords rejected the final appeal in Britain’s highest court at the time.[UK Parliament]publications.parliament.ukUK Parliament House of LordsUK ParliamentHouse of Lords - Mckinnon V Government of The United States of America and Another…
• August 2008: European Court of Human Rights declined to continue blocking extradition; McKinnon’s Asperger’s diagnosis introduced new medical arguments.[The Guardian]theguardian.comThe GuardianHacker Gary McKinnon loses appeal against extradition to…August 28, 2008 — 28 Aug 2008 — Last month, he lost his battle ag…Published: August 28, 2008
• 23 January and 31 July 2009: Further judicial review permitted, then rejected.[The Guardian]theguardian.comThe Guardian Gary Mc Kinnon should be extradited, court rulesThe Guardian Gary Mc Kinnon should be extradited, court rules
• 16 October 2012: Theresa May withdrew the extradition order because of the high risk of suicide.[GOV.UK]GOV.UKTheresa May statement on Gary Mc Kinnon extraditionTheresa May statement on Gary McKinnon extradition - GOV.UK…
• 14 December 2012: British authorities decided not to prosecute, ending the case without a criminal trial.[The Guardian]theguardian.comgary mckinnon no uk chargesThe GuardianGary McKinnon will face no charges in UK14 Dec 2012 — No further legal action will be taken in Britain against the computer h…

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Endnotes

1. Source: justice.gov
Link:https://www.justice.gov/archive/criminal/cybercrime/press-releases/2002/mckinnonIndict.htm

Published: November 12, 2002

2. Source: publications.parliament.uk
Title: UK Parliament House of Lords
Link:https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldjudgmt/jd080730/mckinn-1.htm

3. Source: GOV.UK
Title: Theresa May statement on Gary Mc Kinnon extradition
Link:https://www.gov.uk/government/news/theresa-may-statement-on-gary-mckinnon-extradition

4. Source: justice.gov
Link:https://www.justice.gov/archive/criminal/cybercrime/press-releases/2002/mckinnonIndict2.htm

5. Source: wired.com
Title: Dot-Mil Hacker’s Download Mistake
Link:https://www.wired.com/2002/11/dot-mil-hackers-download-mistake

6. Source: GOV.UK
Title: latest on [gary mckinnon case]({{ ‘mc-kinnon-case/’ | relative_url }})
Link:https://www.gov.uk/government/news/latest-on-gary-mckinnon-case

7. Source: hansard.parliament.uk
Title: Hansard Gary Mc Kinnon (Extradition)
Link:https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2009-12-01/debates/09120144000002/GaryMckinnon%28Extradition%29

8. Source: justice.gov
Title: january 17 2025 commutation recipients
Link:https://www.justice.gov/pardon/january-17-2025-commutation-recipients

9. Source: justice.gov
Title: 06.30.23. – Mar-a-Lago Search Warrant
Link:https://www.justice.gov/d9/2023-07/06.30.23.%20–%20Mar-a-Lago%20Search%20Warrant%20-%20Interim.pdf

10. Source: justice.gov
Title: 02.14.23. Protests Supreme Court Residences Part 1
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11. Source: publications.parliament.uk
Link:https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld/ldjudgmt.htm

12. Source: publications.parliament.uk
Link:https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/text/110323-0001.htm

13. Source: publications.parliament.uk
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Title: golden 1
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21. Source: GOV.UK
Title: gary mckinnon extradition case home secretarys statement
Link:https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/gary-mckinnon-extradition-case-home-secretarys-statement

22. Source: democracy.swansea.gov.uk
Title: CSJJ5157 Homelessness report 070317 WEB
Link:https://democracy.swansea.gov.uk/documents/s44132/CSJJ5157_Homelessness_report_070317_WEB.pdf

23. Source: assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
Link:https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a750181ed915d3c7d529a80/written-reps-17.pdf

24. Source: assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
Title: public views 4
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25. Source: malicious.life
Link:https://malicious.life/episode/us_vs_gary_mckinnon/

26. Source: theguardian.com
Title: gary mckinnon no uk charges
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/14/gary-mckinnon-no-uk-charges

27. Source: theguardian.com
Title: gary mckinnon extradition timeline
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/26/gary-mckinnon-extradition-timeline

28. Source: theguardian.com
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/aug/28/hacking.security

Published: August 28, 2008

29. Source: vlex.co.uk
Title: r mckinnon v secretary 793475865
Link:https://vlex.co.uk/vid/r-mckinnon-v-secretary-793475865

30. Source: theguardian.com
Title: The Guardian Gary Mc Kinnon should be extradited, court rules
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/31/gary-mckinnon-hacker-aspergers-us

31. Source: itv.com
Title: gary mckinnon
Link:https://www.itv.com/news/story/2012-12-14/gary-mckinnon

32. Source: Wikipedia
Title: Gary Mc Kinnon
Link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_McKinnon

33. Source: theguardian.com
Title: gary mckinnon timeline extradition
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/16/gary-mckinnon-timeline-extradition

34. Source: theguardian.com
Title: gary mckinnon lodges challenge extradition
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/10/gary-mckinnon-lodges-challenge-extradition

35. Source: theguardian.com
Title: garry mckinnon extradition alan johnson
Link:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/26/garry-mckinnon-extradition-alan-johnson

36. Source: vlex.co.uk
Link:https://vlex.co.uk/vid/mckinnon-v-united-states-793612009

37. Source: film-authority.com
Link:https://film-authority.com/2026/05/12/gary/

Additional References

38. Source: youtube.com
Title: Ancient Aliens: Hacking NASA Secrets (Season 12, Episode 9)
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20rWFDfh68Y

39. Source: youtube.com
Title: The Man Who Hacked the U.S. Government
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ND0zQX1rGdg

40. Source: libertyhumanrights.org.uk
Link:https://www.libertyhumanrights.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Libertys-submission-to-the-JCHR-extradition-inquiry-Jan-2011.pdf

41. Source: reddit.com
Link:https://www.reddit.com/r/UFOs/comments/1bmekj3/the_man_who_hacked_the_us_government_looking_for/

42. Source: youtube.com
Title: Gary Mc Kinnon wins extradition battle
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4lecD44F5E

43. Source: facebook.com
Title: the hacker who almost faced 70 years and the uk blocked it at the last secondin
Link:https://www.facebook.com/StreetCrimeUK1/posts/the-hacker-who-almost-faced-70-years-and-the-uk-blocked-it-at-the-last-secondin-/1272615451676588/

44. Source: content.next.westlaw.com
Title: ECHR refuses interim measures to prevent computer hacker s extradition to US
Link:https://content.next.westlaw.com/practical-law/document/Ia73216c1e84d11e398db8b09b4f043e0/ECHR-refuses-interim-measures-to-prevent-computer-hacker-s-extradition-to-US?contextData=%28sc.Default%29&transitionType=Default&viewType=FullText

45. Source: ukhumanrightsblog.com
Title: the increasing role of human rights law in extradition and deportation cases
Link:https://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2010/05/25/the-increasing-role-of-human-rights-law-in-extradition-and-deportation-cases/

46. Source: youtube.com
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ka4l7jdeQw

47. Source: youtube.com
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=viLcoe_xPMU